Enrichment has become a big topic in the dog world, and rightly so! There are so many options and activities to keep our dogs engaged and thriving. However, as our dogs age or while recovering from injury, their mobility becomes restricted and we often default to food based enrichment ideas, which combined with limited physical […]
How Do Dogs Perceive Pain: Biopsychosocial Model of Pain in Dogs
This model postulates a dynamic interaction among and within three aspects: biological, psychological and social. Each one of the three aspects is an important contributor to the level of pain perception and altering one aspect will have an effect one the other two. The Three Aspects of the Biopsychosocial Model: Bio this is the physiological […]